Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the water treatment technology applied for water purification and de-solinations. It the phenomenon of water flow through a semi permeable membrane that blocks the transport of salt or other solutes through it. Osmosis is a fundamental effect in all biological systems.
It is applied to water purification and desalination, waste material treatment, and many other chemicals and biochemical laboratory and industrial processes. When two water (or other solvent) volumes are separated by a semi permeable membrane, water will flow from the side of low solute concentration, to the side of high solute concentration.
The flow may be stopped, or even reveres by applying external pressure on the side of higher concentration. The phenomenon is called reverse osmosis. Reverse Osmosis (RO) was invented in 1959 by Prof Reid of the University of Florida, and was put into practical use by Sidney loeb and srinicasa souriajan. It is a process which removes both dissolved organics and salt. Feed water is pressurized and flow across a membrane, with a portion of the feed permeating the membrane, the filtered steam is the permeate, because it has permeated the membrane, Because the feed and concentrate flow parallel to the membrane and not perpendicular to it, the process in called “cross flow filtration”. Depending on the size of the pores engineered into the membrane, cross flow filtration. Cross flow membrane filtration allows continuous removal of contaminants which in normal would blind (plug) the membrance pores rapidly, in conventional system. (graham Tek changed this technique.
It can meet almost all water standards with a single pass system and all water standards with a double pass system. The process achieves rejections of 99.9 % of viruses, bacteria and pathogens, pressure in the range of 3.4-70 Bar is the driving force of the RO purification process. It is much cheaper than most conventional treatment system today and with Graham Tek Proprietary Technology, removes the need for pre-treatment chemicals.
Application of Reverse Osmosis.
Reverse Osmosis is used in various applications i.e. Hospital Central Sterilize Supply Department, Clinical Analysis, Laboratory water Purification and Polysulfide filter, refrigerators/fridge, dialysis, ships, boots, fish tanks, beer brewing equipment, hydroponics, fluoride removal, reverse osmosis milk plants, iron removal system, House Oxidation System , Manganese Removal, Sulfur removal, ice flakers machine manufactures, medical water purifier, biochemistry analyzer and in pharmaceutical and steel industry etc.